Desarrollo cognitivo y habilidades psicomotrices en un niño con discapacidad intelectual leve

Abstract

Intellectual disability is a term that over time has been evolving, so that today has been evidenced changes in the name of the same, from being classified with derogatory terms such as mental retardation to be considered as what we know today. Intellectual disability is a series of limitations in the individual's development, which are manifested as impairments in conceptual, social, cognitive and motor skills. In this sense, cognitive development and psychomotor skills are some of the areas that are more involved in the alteration of intellectual functioning. Therefore, this evidences the significant difficulty that the person has in the processes of adaptation and functioning within the environment in which he/she develops. On the other hand, the present research work is oriented to investigate the following problem: What is the relationship between cognitive development and psychomotor skills in a child with mild intellectual disability? Therefore, the general objective is to analyze the relationship between cognitive development and psychomotor skills in a child with mild intellectual disability, with specific objectives proposed to describe the cognitive development and identify psychomotor skills in a child with mild intellectual disability. The methodological process assumed in this case study is a qualitative approach of descriptive scope, in which a 12-year-old child with mild intellectual disability has been chosen as the object of study, therefore, the evaluation techniques and instruments that were applied were the Raven's progressive matrix test, a non-verbal test, through which the IQ will be measured, making use of the general mental ability, The Ozeretsky scale was also applied, which is a scale that allows identifying motor skills, evaluating the general motor coordination of the child, in the same way, the semi-structured interview and the observation guide directed to the mother were used, which allowed evidencing the characteristics of the child with mild intellectual disability and the relationship between cognitive development and psychomotor skills. Based on the results obtained, it was found that the development of psychomotor skills has a direct link between thought and movement, since, without interaction with the physical and social environment, the development of cognitive stages will be delayed at the time of reaching physical maturity. In this sense, brain maturation and interaction become important functions for the child's motor coordination, which depends on the interaction of this relationship. Finally, it can be concluded that there is indeed a relationship between cognitive development and psychomotor skills in a child with mild intellectual disability. Consequently, these results showed that the child presents deficiencies such as withdrawn behaviors and hindrance in the development within the social environment, in general, the absence of motor coordination due to poor social interaction and excessive dependence on his representative was denoted.