Desarrollo cognitivo y habilidades de aprendizaje en una niña con discapacidad intelectual.

Abstract

The present research aims to analyze intellectual disability in the cognitive development and learning skills of a first year student of the "Alejandro Castro Benítez" High School in the parish of El Cambio. Intellectual disability is a problem that involves different areas of health, as such, its research requires a multidisciplinary approach. However, few texts address this problem from this multiple perspective, so this document is an important effort to build a knowledge base in order to generate a public debate and help research on the subject. This disorder affects people's ability to learn, as well as hindering their cognitive development and abilities, as well as other important areas of mental development, such as communication, self-care and interpersonal relationships. Cognitive development allows the reorganization of the information obtained in different and peculiar ways that allow new findings. Different information processing researchers explain cognitive development in concepts of attitudes, basic procedures such as memory, attention, storage and retrieval of information. It is understood as acquisition of information in the cognitive structure where it is learned without any relation to the concepts already existing in it, in other cases, the mentioned information is stored without authorization and interaction. On the other hand, learning abilities are known by study skills, whether academic or research. It is very common that learning abilities combine with the student's skills giving a knowledge to cooperate with other people to grasp new information. In this research the descriptive method is used, in this way it allows us to know the characteristics that the phenomenon possesses within the context in which it is developed. It creates conclusions in a generalized way due to the obtaining of the direct connection through the observation of different behaviors of the subject that are analyzed and related to the theoretical sections. This study is based on a qualitative approach and allows interpreting the characteristics of the subject in different contexts, as well as studying the experiences from the subject's perspective. The results obtained from this study, determine the importance of learning skills in students with a disorder in the cognitive area, to obtain the results an interview was conducted with the student, mother and teacher tutor. In which it was evidenced that she presents problems from school and dragging the shortcomings to school, from low academic performance to bad behaviors in the classroom. In addition, he has difficulty with attention and retention of information; add to this the carelessness of teachers to apply the appropriate adaptations. In conclusion, deficiencies in the cognitive area directly affect student learning and a lack of commitment on the part of teachers can prevent the correct acquisition of competencies in students. Therefore, it is important to train teachers on how they should act in cases of students with intellectual disabilities.