Resiliencia y autoeficacia en un estudiante con hipoacusia

Abstract

Hearing loss is a term used to refer to the partial hearing impairment that a person has in one or both ears permanently or temporarily, showing in varying degrees of involvement: mild, moderate, severe or profound, being age, infections or hereditary factors the causes of this disability, giving the probability of occurrence from birth or acquired through environmental factors, affecting their social and educational development and later their academic performance. This deficiency may affect 3 out of every 1000 newborns. That is why our research aims to analyze resilience and self-efficacy in a student with hypoacusis, in which, through the various instruments used to collect information such as the interview, implemented as a standardized instrument by the MinEduc allowed to collect first-hand information by interacting directly with the case, followed by another instrument applied as is the observation guide, which subjectively analyzes certain characteristics that the individual possesses when performing an action, in the resilience scale of Wigndul and Young, who are its creators is a table which describes 25 items that evaluate 5 parameters, which are: personal satisfaction, equanimity, feeling good alone, self-confidence and perseverance, finally the self-efficacy scale of the authors Baessier and Shwarzer is composed of 10 items, evaluating dimensions of well-being such as: achievement, positive emotions, commitment, meaning, positive relationships and negative emotions. Likewise, we have relied on scientific journals with articles by various authors, in which we found relevant information for our research. These instruments were applied to an adolescent student being 15 years old at the time, the student attends the Mario Minuche high school in the city of Machala, in which at first glance it is determined that he has an undiagnosed hypoacusis problem. These evaluation tools gave us qualitative data and we were able to determine his level of coping and personal development as he advances in his education, detailing his characteristics, attitudes, skills and strengths in his social and family area and how this problem affects his academic performance. The theory that reinforces the research is that of Boris Cyrulnik with the expression of resilience, the term self-efficacy of Albert Bandura (pioneer of this terminology) and his theory of social learning, where it is mentioned that all people, without the need for a strict or structured education in a culture, learn various skills and part of our personality is instilled with the characters we observe around us. Likewise, the author of the term resilience shows how people can emerge stronger from any adverse situation they are going through and the subject can recover. In another sense, the person who has a hypoacusis level has the same probabilities of orienting himself and strengthening his senses, with the difference that his hearing will be scarce and his other abilities will be developed, abilities such as lip-facial reading and learning sign language as an alternative form of communication to develop in his social environment.