Barreras fitosanitarias y competitividad de la exportación de banano ecuatoriano hacia Europa

Abstract

This research analyzes the impact of phytosanitary barriers on the competitiveness of Ecuadorian organic banana exports to Europe, focusing on the province of El Oro. It identifies how strict regulations imposed by the European Union—especially regarding pesticide residues and pest control like Panama disease—affect production and export costs. Through interviews, focus groups, and document review, the study shows that compliance increases operational costs by 10% to 15%, pushing small producers out of the European market. However, large exporters have adapted through investments in technology and certifications such as GlobalGAP and Rainforest Alliance, maintaining competitiveness and accessing sustainable market niches. The study also highlights climate change and regulatory instability as future risks for the sector. It concludes that strengthening phytosanitary infrastructure, training producers, and diversifying markets are key strategies to overcome these challenges and ensure the sustainability of Ecuadorian bananas in Europe.