Análisis de la logística en puertos y su influencia en la competitividad en el comercio exterior

Abstract

"This research addresses the critical relevance of port logistics in a globalized context, where ports act as essential nodes in the international supply chain. It highlights how globalization and technological advances have intensified trade interconnection between countries, positioning ports as pillars for the efficient flow of goods and economic competitiveness. The work underlines that logistics efficiency in these spaces not only depends on physical infrastructure, but also on the integration of advanced technologies, process management and collaboration between key actors, such as customs authorities, carriers and companies. The objectives of the research seek to determine how port logistics affects competitiveness in foreign trade, evaluating the impact of infrastructure and operational capacity on transit times, analyzing the relationship between logistics efficiency and business competitiveness, and identifying the main challenges in loading and unloading management. In addition, it aims to investigate the logistical factors that influence the ability of countries to participate effectively in global trade. In the development, the influence of port logistics on competitiveness is analyzed, highlighting the importance of modern infrastructure, the adoption of digital technologies (such as artificial intelligence and real-time tracking systems), and the optimization of processes to reduce costs and delivery times. The methodology used is qualitative, based on semi-structured interviews with experts and direct observations in ports, which allowed the identification of bottlenecks and opportunities for improvement. Among the results, it is evident that congestion, lack of space and inefficiency in customs processes are the main obstacles, while investment in infrastructure and digitalization emerges as a key solution. The conclusions emphasize that the modernization of ports, coordination between actors and the implementation of technologies are essential to strengthen competitiveness. The study recommends prioritizing investment in infrastructure, digitizing processes and training personnel, stressing that a comprehensive and collaborative approach is essential to optimize port logistics and enhance the participation of countries in the global market.