Memoria y atención en un niño con dificultades en la lecturaescritura.

Abstract

Difficulties in reading and writing hinder comprehension and written expression, negatively impacting academic performance. In Ecuador, these challenges are often linked to a lack of family support, inappropriate use of technology, and the absence of effective methodological strategies. Such barriers are closely associated with memory and attention issues. This research focuses on a 6-year-old child who exhibits distractibility and writing difficulties, prompting the development of this study. The objective is to analyze the influence of memory and attention on a child with literacy difficulties, in order to understand the impact of these cognitive functions on academic performance. The study is framed within a qualitative paradigm with a descriptive approach, allowing for an in-depth exploration of the child's skills, habits, and emotions within their sociocultural and educational context. Three key instruments were applied: the Observation Guide, the Neuropsi test, and the P.E.C.O. assessment, which helped identify deficiencies in attention and memory. The results reveal that attentional difficulties, low information retention, and phonological problems directly affect academic performance by hindering reading comprehension, writing fluency, sound recognition, proper word construction, self-esteem, and motivation for learning. Finally, the study proposes the implementation of individualized psychopedagogical strategies aimed at stimulating the involved cognitive functions through playful, dynamic activities tailored to the child's learning pace.