Impacto de las certificaciones fitosanitarias en el volumen de exportación de carne bovina congelada en asociaciones ganaderas de El Oro

Abstract

This study analyzes the impact of phytosanitary certifications on the export volume of frozen beef from livestock associations in the province of El Oro, Ecuador. The research highlights that, in global trade, sanitary and phytosanitary (SPS) measures have become determining factors for competitiveness, often acting as non-tariff barriers that require rigorous compliance to access international markets. The study identifies the main quality and safety certifications, such as ISO 9001, Global GAP, and AGROCALIDAD regulations, as strategic differentiation tools that generate consumer confidence and open new markets. Despite the potential of the livestock sector in El Oro, exports face challenges such as a lack of infrastructure and the need for greater investment in technology and training to meet international standards. Document analysis reveals that, while these certifications can be costly, obtaining them is essential to improve competitiveness and ensure sustainable access to demanding markets such as the European Union. Strategies such as technical assistance, strengthening traceability, and public-private partnerships are proposed to overcome these obstacles.