Sostenibilidad y competitividad internacional de exportadores de camarón, en la provincia de El Oro

Abstract

This essay analyzes the relationship between certified sustainability and the international competitiveness of shrimp exporters in the province of El Oro, Ecuador. In a global context where certifications such as ASC, BAP, and Global GAP are key requirements for accessing premium markets, it is evident that certified companies achieve better prices, greater destination diversification, and greater attraction of foreign investment. Using a documentary and qualitative approach, it reviews academic studies and institutional reports that demonstrate that certification improves business reputation and productive efficiency. However, the paper also identifies significant barriers to the adoption of certifications, especially among small and medium-sized enterprises. These include high costs, lack of technical knowledge, limited institutional support, and a lack of tax incentives. These limitations generate inequality within the shrimp sector and hinder the transition to sustainable practices. The study concludes that certifications do strengthen international competitiveness, but require prerequisites that are not yet guaranteed for all stakeholders. It is recommended to implement supportive public policies, foster business alliances, and develop commercial strategies that capitalize on the benefits of sustainability.