Adición de lemna minor, pistia stratiotes y bacterias bacillus spp., y su efecto en el nitrógeno y fósforo presente en efluentes acuícolas.

Abstract

This study evaluated the effect of Bacillus spp., Lemna minor, and Pistia stratiotes on the reduction of nitrogen (ammonium, nitrite, nitrate) and phosphorus (phosphate) compounds in aquaculture effluents. The study was conducted using a block experimental design, using three biological treatments with three replicates each. The control was excluded due to external biological interference. The trial lasted four weeks under average physicochemical conditions of 27.06 °C temperature, 5.33 mg/L dissolved oxygen, and pH 8.55. Results showed that all treatments achieved significant reductions in ammonium, nitrite, and phosphate, although with varying levels of efficiency. Lemna minor was the most effective in removing ammonium (97.14%), while Bacillus spp. exhibited the highest efficiency in nitrite (95.97%) and phosphate (77.14%) reduction. In contrast, Pistia stratiotes demonstrated lower efficiency, particularly in phosphate removal (28.57%). Regarding nitrate, all treatments showed an increase, attributed to the aerobic environment that hindered the denitrification process. It is concluded that Bacillus spp. and Lemna minor are viable and sustainable options for biological treatment of aquaculture effluents due to their high nutrient bioabsorption capacities. Further research is recommended to promote denitrification conditions and explore combined treatment strategies to reduce nitrate accumulation.