Recursos didácticos Montessori en el desarrollo de habilidades cognitivas en niños de 4 a 5 años de Educación Inicial, Machala.

Abstract

The Montessori method is an educational model that aims to foster children's skill development through a carefully prepared environment and the use of specialized didactic materials. It is based on the premise that children are natural explorers and learn more effectively through movement and strategically designed tools. However, many teachers today make inadequate use of these resources in the teaching-learning process. This study aims to analyze the influence of the proper use of Montessori didactic resources on the development of cognitive skills in children aged 4 to 5 years. To achieve this, a qualitative study with a descriptive-explanatory approach and a cross-sectional design was conducted. A closed-ended questionnaire was administered to teachers, and an observation guide was applied to students. The results showed that most teachers at the institution where the study was conducted lacked adequate knowledge of the correct application of Montessori tools. In response to this issue, a proposal of activities based on the Montessori method was designed, detailing the execution of each one. It was concluded that the proper use of Montessori materials is essential in early childhood learning, as it promotes independence and the development of cognitive skills. To optimize its implementation, teachers should incorporate activities involving material manipulation, experimentation, and exploration. This approach enables children to strengthen their autonomy, confidence, and the development of motor, sensory, and cognitive skills.