factores socioeconómicos de la inseguridad ciudadana en los habitantes del barrio bolívar de puerto bolívar 2023

Abstract

The problem statement of this research addressed citizen insecurity as a social issue that directly affects the development of society and the quality of life of the inhabitants of the Bolívar neighborhood, which belongs to the urban parish of Puerto Bolívar, in the city of Machala. It was highlighted that this situation is a consequence of socioeconomic factors such as poverty and unemployment, which disrupt the perception of social well-being and create a hostile and fearful environment within the sector. It is worth noting that crime rates in Ecuador have shown significant growth over the past few years, making the province of El Oro one of the most violent districts in the country. Therefore, the general and specific objectives set forth in the degree work, based on the problem under study, focused on determining the socioeconomic factors that generate insecurity in the Bolívar neighborhood, identifying the types of crimes committed, and establishing the strategies implemented to mitigate it. These objectives aimed to provide a solid and concrete basis for understanding and addressing the problems faced by the community; regarding conceptions, norms, and diagnostic approaches, the integrative project was based on sociological theories such as the Structural-Functionalism of the American sociologist Talcott Parsons, which allowed an understanding of how the various elements of society interact and contribute to the development of social cohesion. Likewise, relevant Ecuadorian laws and regulations were emphasized, including the Constitution of the Republic of Ecuador and the Public and State Security Law, established within the legal framework. Furthermore, the State of the Art includes studies comprising reliable sources such as scientific articles from indexed journals and book chapters corresponding to the academic and research fields, synthesizing key conceptions about socioeconomic factors and citizen insecurity, highlighting the relationship between poverty, lack of employment and education, and crime, analyzing the effects of poor infrastructure and deficiency in basic services, which contribute to a conducive environment for criminality. In this regard, the diagnostic process was described through basic research with a mixed approach, including the collection of quantitative and qualitative data through surveys and interviews, revealing that the Bolívar neighborhood, with an estimated population of 114 families, faces insufficiencies in its fundamental needs and limited economic activities, resulting in a cycle of impoverishment. Finally, the integrative proposal, based on the requirements matrix, suggests the design and implementation of a comprehensive security plan based on collaboration between the National Police, the municipal GAD, the inhabitants, and the community leaders of the Bolívar neighborhood, with the aim of reducing crime and promoting significant progress. This includes recreational activities, education and community awareness programs, and the creation of neighborhood watch networks to reduce and eventually eradicate criminal activities in the sector.