Análisis de los acuerdos comerciales internacionales y su impacto en la competitividad y expansión de las exportaciones de cacao ecuatoriano.

Abstract

Cocoa has played a prominent role in Ecuador's history and economy, positioning itself as one of the country's most important export products. Since pre-Columbian times, this plant has been intrinsically linked to Ecuadorian culture and identity, being a symbol of wealth and tradition. However, despite its relevance, it has been identified that there is a lack of knowledge and technical tools on the part of cocoa producers that limits their ability to improve their activity and become internationally competitive exporters. The objective of this paper is to evaluate the impact of international trade agreements between Ecuador and the European Union, as well as with the United States, on the competitiveness and expansion of Ecuadorian cocoa exports in the global market. These agreements are of utmost importance, as they allow Ecuadorian producers to access larger markets and with more favorable commercial conditions. The research is based on a qualitative and descriptive approach, using both primary and secondary sources. Relevant data were collected on the current situation of cocoa exports at the national level and the level of knowledge of producers about existing trade agreements, as well as their implications. Through a detailed analysis, the agreements to which Ecuador has subscribed in relation to cocoa, the economic benefits obtained and the comparative advantages that have not yet been fully exploited were reviewed. This includes identifying the current market share of Ecuadorian cocoa abroad. This analysis made it possible to recognize the state of preparedness of the country, through its producers, to take advantage of new trade agreements that can benefit the cocoa activity. Thus, areas where investment and improvement can be made were revealed, such as infrastructure, product quality and the training of workers involved in the production chain. In conclusion, trade agreements play a fundamental role in the potentiation of Ecuadorian cocoa exports. These agreements provide mechanisms that allow access to international markets without facing restrictive trade barriers that hinder successful commercialization. However, it is vital to recognize that for these benefits to materialize, it is necessary to strengthen the knowledge and technical tools of producers. This preparation will not only increase competitiveness in the global market but will also promote the sustainability of cocoa farming in Ecuador. It is essential to continue working on training and supporting cocoa farmers. This includes providing access to information on innovative technologies, sustainable agricultural practices and advice on market trends, which are essential to run your business efficiently. In addition, establishing strong business relationships and strategic partnerships with foreign companies could boost the growth and expansion of Ecuadorian cocoa exports. Ultimately, by empowering producers with the necessary knowledge and resources, it can contribute to more equitable and sustainable development in the cocoa sector, benefiting not only farmers, but also the country's economy as a whole and the preservation of the rich biodiversity in which this valuable product is grown.