Efecto de la inclusión de una mezcla de aceites esenciales sobre la bioquímica sanguínea en pollos Broiler.

Abstract

The research work in question was carried out in an open shed at the "Santa Inés" farm, located in the Faculty of Agricultural Sciences at the Technical University of Machala, province of El Oro, Machala, adhering to the biosecurity measures applied for this type of system. The objective was to evaluate the effect of including a mixture of essential oils on the blood biochemistry in broiler chickens. The investigation was experimental, using a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with a total of 200 mixed Cobb 500 broiler chickens. Five treatments were employed with four replicates each, and within each replicate, 10 unsexed birds were placed. In the first treatment (T1 or control), a growth-promoting antibiotic (GPA) was included in the balanced feed, while in treatments T2, T3, T4, and T5, the GPA was replaced by the inclusion of Mix oil at 0.01%, 0.02%, 0.03%, and 0.04%, respectively. The birds were managed under safety and hygiene standards, providing controlled feed and water under climatic conditions, maintaining a good environment and temperature, bed control, ventilation, balanced feed maintenance, among others. A preventive vaccination schedule was also followed, using Gumboro intermediate strain and New Castle La Sota strain vaccines, with revaccinations in the drinking water. Weights were evaluated weekly in grams, recording data and procedures carried out. On day 35, the animals were randomly slaughtered to obtain various samples by direct blood collection after cutting the jugular vein, discarding the first jet, and resting in red-top tubes and ice. Blood samples were taken from males and females in each experimental unit, obtaining a total of 40 samples for blood biochemistry. The measured variables were: total cholesterol, high-density lipoproteins (HDL), triglycerides, low-density lipoproteins (LDL), very low-density lipoproteins (VLDL), and total proteins. Statistical evaluation was performed using Statgraphics Centurion XV.I.®, applying a one-factor analysis (ANOVA) to identify significant differences between treatments, and Fisher's multiple comparison procedure (LSD) with a 95.0% confidence level to establish differences between means. The results indicate that the effect of the inclusion of the essential oil mixture in the mixed Cobb 500 chickens for each analyte is positive, as no significant differences were found in any of them.