La mayéutica en el desarrollo del pensamiento reflexivo, básica media, Escuela John F. Kennedy, Pasaje, 2023 - 2024.

Abstract

The Socratic Method or Maieutics is an effective educational approach that utilizes questions and answers to challenge assumptions, expose contradictions, acquire knowledge, and encourages students to analyze, evaluate, and carefully reflect on the information presented to them. This method has positively contributed to enhancing writing skills, critical thinking abilities, and cognitive behavior. Furthermore, it also positively contributes to students' achievement and satisfaction in learning, and can be effectively used across all school disciplines. The foundation of this research is to provide reflection and critical thinking in individuals by helping them discover and develop their own knowledge through questioning and dialogue. Therefore, this thesis is focused on the impact of maieutics on the development of students' reflective thinking in the area of Social Studies in the middle school level of John F. Kennedy School in Pasaje, during the academic year 2023-2024, in order to address the identified issues. To carry out this research, a qualitative-quantitative methodology was used. The qualitative approach represents the characteristics observable in the studied phenomenon, which is maieutics for the development of reflective thinking. In contrast, the quantitative approach presents statistical data that allows quantifying the problem according to established indicators, thus determining the level of the problem obtained with the instrument responses. The techniques used in this research work include a survey administered to 112 students and interviews conducted with 4 middle school teachers. The data obtained indicate that 80 students at the middle school level possess a medium level of reflective thinking in the subject of Social Studies, while 22 students indicate a high level, and 10 students report a low level. This suggests that maieutics can contribute to improving their reflective skills such as thinking, discerning, and debating. Unfortunately, traditional methods continue to be applied, leading to a deficit in reasoning and self-criticism of their own learning.