Thinking based learning para desarrollar el pensamiento crítico en los estudiantes de básica superior, Colegio de Bachillerato Guanazán, Zaruma, 2023-2024

Abstract

Thinking Based Learning or better known as thinking-based learning is a methodology that promotes active learning that aims for students to acquire their knowledge and develop their skills and abilities, relating to thinking, in addition to allowing them to develop their critical thinking, using creativity both in their personal lives and in decision-making in a more active and motivating way. This work has as its theoretical approach learning based on the thinking of Robert Swartz, which helps encourage research students to have a deeper and more conscious learning, putting critical thinking into practice, changing learning that is based in memorization to a deeper understanding of the concepts learned in the classroom. The objective of this research is to determine how Thinking-Based Learning helps the development of critical thinking in students at the upper basic level of the Liceo Guanazán, during the period 2023-2023. For this, a quantitative-qualitative methodological design has been used, through the combination of figures and statistical tables, the information was obtained through an interview, surveys and observation guide applied to 56 students and 3 teachers, which allowed confirming what was previously posed. Hypotheses were identified since it was found that teachers do not use new methodological strategies since they prefer traditional teaching by teachers. Consequently, if thinking-based learning were applied, students' skills would be strengthened, making them more capable of solving problems argumentatively and giving excellent results. On the contrary, if a traditional methodology is used we have students with low performance. Academic and low motivation. The research not only confirms the proposed hypothesis, but also reveals the need for better teacher training and reevaluation of the methodologies used to provide quality education. Thinking Based Learning within the teaching and learning process has been one of the necessary tools since it helps the student to improve their skills and have more creativity. Through the data collection instrument, it was possible to verify that the level of critical thinking of the students is low, this as a consequence of the teacher using traditional learning and not taking risks or not having adequate training in the use of new methodologies. Through the data collection instrument it was possible to verify that the level of critical thinking of the students is low, this as a consequence of the teacher using traditional learning and as a consequence the classes are boring and not motivating. The recommendations according to the results of this study are based on enhancing thinking in students through the application of new methodologies and the development of competencies within the Guanazan High School.