Incidencia de la incompatibilidad sanguínea abo/rh materno-fetal en el Hospital Obstétrico Angela Loayza de Ollague del año 2023

Abstract

Blood incompatibility is a topic of great importance in the field of medicine, especially in the areas of obstetrics and blood transfusion. In this research we cover maternal-fetal blood incompatibility which is the one that develops during pregnancy when the mother has either a different blood group or Rh factor than the baby. This phenomenon can result in serious complications in the health of both the fetus and the newborn, where in this research we detail the causes of an incompatibility either by the Rh factor or by the ABO system and the pathologies that can develop in newborns. The objective of this research is to determine the incidence of maternal-fetal ABO/Rh blood incompatibility at the Ángela Loayza Obstetric Hospital in Ollague during the months of September to October 2023; The methodology used was descriptive, the study consisted of a population of 51 mothers and children, the information of the patients was extracted from the medical records belonging to the hospital laboratory, where the blood types of both the mother and the newborn were taken into account, total bilirubin values, direct and indirect, reticulocyte values, direct Coombs test and tgo and tgp values. This information was analyzed in a statistical program, using JAMOVI software with its most recent version 2.4.1. The results obtained indicate that there was not a high incidence of maternal-fetal incompatibility in the study population, since there were only 13 cases out of the 51 studied. However, there were cases of incompatibility where there were no altered values in their tests and cases where there was no incompatibility, but there were alterations in their bilirubin, reticulocyte and tgo values. Finally, this research will serve as a source of information on this condition in order to warn the population and health professionals about the importance of prevention and to provide treatment to mothers and newborns to reduce the risks it may cause to their health.