Incidencias de la presencia de amonio(nh₄) en el crecimiento de camarón (litopenaeus vannamei) en piscinas camaroneras.

Abstract

The cultivation of shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) in shrimp ponds in the 1960s gave rise to the shrimp industry Ecuador since then it has been one of the most important activities in the country due to its productive development. The optimal physicochemical variables are the following: temperature 25-32 °C; turbidity remains 30 cm – 45 cm; pH of 7.5 – 8.5. We must consider the salinity in a cultivation system; it may vary depending on where it is located. Which can be: sweet salinity 0.5 ppt; brackish 15 ppt and salinity 37 ppt, it is important to take these variables into account to consider the toxicity of ammonium present in crops. Ammonium in shrimp farming is a water and soil contaminant, limiting and intensive factor because different stocking densities are carried out. Ammonium concentrations in the culture are below 2 mg/L, they can tolerate higher ammonia ranges of 0.6 – 2 mg/L for short periods, ammonia 5 mg/L solutions of 10 and 15 mg/L is toxic. causes mortality. Nitrites maximum values at 0.8 mg/l are toxic to shrimp. The objective of this bibliographic review is to establish the incidence that ammonium (NH₄) and how it exerts on the growth of shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) in shrimp ponds.