Metodologías activas y su incidencia en el aprendizaje de las reglas ortográficas; cuarto y quinto grado, Escuela Cleopatra Fernández de Castillo, Machala, 2022-2023.

Abstract

The present investigative work is oriented in the search of updated information about the active methodologies and their incidence in the learning of the orthographic rules; Applying hermeneutics and the analysis-synthesis methods as research methodology, the observation, interview and survey techniques that allowed the systematization of sufficient scientific evidence based on the objective set in a population of 77 students taken as a study sample and a universe of 3 teachers.

The research was carried out beginning with the diagnosis of the object of study, the formulation of the problem, writing of objectives and hypotheses, elaboration of the theoretical framework (conceptual, contextual and legal), operationalization of variables, selection of universe and sample, elaboration and application of research instruments, tabulation of results, verification of hypotheses, systematization of conclusions and recommendations. The findings found through the application of the research instruments allowed us to conclude that the main problems that students have in learning spelling rules are the omission of words and the use of v, b in the fourth and fifth grade, in addition to the fact that The disadvantages of ignorance and misuse of spelling rules lie in poor and slow writing that affects understanding, affecting the low academic performance of the students in question. Likewise, it was determined that the active methodologies that must be implemented for learning of the spelling rules are the reading of stories, dictation and spelling. Therefore, it was decisive to propose as a proposal the elaboration of a didactic guide for the correct use, knowledge and improvement of spelling rules, literacy, punctuation and accentuation of words, which include the orthographic mural, crazy syllables (spelling), lollipops, roulette of letters, learning stations, and informational and illustrative posters.