Material didáctico Montessori para la enseñanza de la multiplicación, estudiantes tercer y cuarto grado, Escuela Sosena Barrezueta de Zamora, 2022-2023.

Abstract

This research project is a step for the training of professionals in the basic education career as a degree work or also called knowledge integration project by the Technical University of Machala, being developed with the theme of "Montessori didactic material for teaching of multiplication, third and fourth grade students, Sosena Barrezueta de Zamora school, 2022-2023” The investigation is focused on the application of María Montessori's didactic materials in the area of mathematics, due to the habitual use of the same material in the classroom, which causes students to feel unmotivated, without interest in assimilating content which ends up becoming an impediment in the formation of competent and upright citizens, learning abstract concepts such as multiplication can become a point of frustration because not all children can easily grasp the procedure to reach the answer. The research is fully supported by the use of bibliographical sources that have been used through a thorough search of indexed scientific articles with the aim of carrying out the theoretical framework where topics were found such as: effective sequences for teaching multiplication, concept of multiplication, Definition of Montessori teaching materials, legal organizations such as the Constitution of the Republic of Ecuador, the Organic Law of Intercultural Education (LOEI). The techniques and instruments are of a qualitative-quantitative approach, applying different data collection instruments such as: the student survey, interview with teachers and observation guide in the third and fourth grade, obtaining as a result that students present problems when solve multiplications due to the habitual use of materials such as the textbook, which makes the classes monotonous and does not allow the conception of significant learning. With the implementation of the instruments, it is determined that the main problem that children present when learning multiplication is the acquisition of the multiplication tables serving for the project proposal, leading to propose "the elaboration of a didactic guide through the implementation of material Montessori didactic materials such as: interactive cards, Pythagorean table, multiplicative framework for teaching multiplication" presenting its conceptualization, positive aspects, together with a sequence of steps for its construction, the elaboration of the resource, curricular planning where the forms of application and the evaluation of the effectiveness of the Montessori materials used in the classroom. The didactic guide is of great relevance because it makes teacher teaching more feasible, especially in the assimilation of basic operations such as multiplication, presenting the construction of resources, the implements that were used and each of the steps of its application established. within the planning using ERCA methodology, seeking to support the teacher with materials from María Montessori, making it easy to grasp mathematical processes and concepts, causing the child to discover the sequence to reach the correct answer, making what has been studied enduring.