Rendimiento de las ventas de petróleo en las cunetas del balance fiscal del Ecuador 2018-2021.

Abstract

In the present research work, the performance of oil sales and the relationship with the accounts of the Fiscal Balance of Ecuador are reviewed, in the periods from 2018 to 2021. It is well known that Ecuador has a high dependence on oil revenues, for therefore, the fiscal coffers are financed in relation to the commercialization of this resource; Given this situation, it has been taken into consideration to evaluate their economic contribution in relation to the financial statements of the state accounts. In this sense, the investigation is part of the general objective of determining the performance of the records of the sale of oil in the National Balance, in order to verify how the performance of oil sales was reflected in the fiscal balances from 2018 until 2021 considering that in said period due to the COVID effect the oil market suffered several alterations; That is why, to develop the research work, the specific objectives were to analyze the evolution of the price of a barrel of oil and its influence on the income of the national accounts; Likewise, it is proposed to evaluate the cash flow of the inventory accounts related to oil production, to determine its role in the generation of public savings accounts. The applied methodology is inductive-deductive, which allowed an evaluation of the indicators at work, to build a general knowledge, and apply them in knowledge of the national accounts around the country's oil negotiation. The research findings allowed us to infer that the oil sector has shown variations in earnings from oil sales, since these were USD 2,298.03 in 2018, in 2019 they dropped to 196.28, while in 2020 they reached up to USD 6.23.45, a figure that for the following 2021 increased again to USD 2,730.68, which had an impact on income, due to the volatility of the price of this non-renewable resource, which in one way or another derived to the country's need to raise its indebtedness by 140% from 2018 to 2021, since in the years of study an increase in external debt USD 13,103.64 was identified in 2021, for which it is advisable for this nation to choose to reduce the high oil dependency.