Determinación del factor de seguridad en la zona El Vergel ubicado en el cantón El Guabo provincia de El Oro

Abstract

The objective of this study is to analyze landslides in the natural slope located in the El Vergel sector, through the analysis of soil properties and the application of calculation methods to determine the safety factor of the slope. For the correct exploration of the soil, the Ecuadorian Construction Norm was implemented in relation to Geotechnics and Foundations, as well as the various laboratory tests were carried out in the facilities of the School of Civil Engineering and are governed by the technical specifications present in the INEN and ASTM norms, which are detailed in this document. For this study a survey was carried out in the El Vergel sector belonging to the city of El Guabo, where an excavation of six meters deep was made, from here six soundings were made, proceeding to take a sample for each meter of excavation, In this excavation two samples were extracted in shelby tubes using the respective extraction equipment, which consists of a cylindrical mold and the extractor hammer and was provided by the soil laboratory of the Civil Engineering faculty, through this test it was possible to determine the shear strength of the soil at a depth of 2 and 6 meters. This value is decisive for the calculation of the safety factor on the slope. Once all the laboratory tests had been carried out, we proceeded to carry out the soil stratigraphy, which allowed us to know the composition of the soil from the surface to a depth of six meters; here we can identify whether the slope has water tables or whether it is a drained slope. The presence of water is a serious problem for the stability of the slope, since this fluid causes the soil to soften, increases the shear stresses and loses its resistive properties, causing the slope to fail. There are two types of failures analyzed in this study, rotational and translational, can cause catastrophes such as landslides, landslides, overturning of the land, among others, because the weight of the soil is much greater than the shear strength capacity of the soil of the slope, only in our country have been recorded 7771 landslides from 1970 to 2019, these data make this natural phenomenon a potent threat to our country. With the known soil stratigraphy, we proceeded to carry out a study on the methods of slope stability analysis, choosing three calculation methods according to the information at hand, criteria and conditions adopted. Currently there are a number of methods to analyze the statics of slopes, the methods that will be studied in this paper are the following, limit equilibrium method of Hoek and Bray which is a combination of stresses and moments in the slope, finite slope method with drained condition, and the slice method, each of these methods helped to determine the factor of safety and the equilibrium conditions of the slope.