Desempeño de hormigones de alta resistencia para ambientes marinos utilizando el método de diseño aci 211 1

Abstract

Cement is a binding element that, when combined with water, undergoes a hydration process that produces a moldable paste with high-quality cohesive properties. After a short time, the cement begins to hold up and acquire a texture similar to that of rock, which is its main virtue and the reason why it has become the most widely used binding element used in today's construction, thanks to its versatility and economic price. Currently, the production of Portland cement takes place by incineration of artificially mixed materials of limestone and clay at a temperature of approximately 1,500 degrees Celsius. This process gives rise to clinker, which is subsequently ground and mixed with an appropriate amount of setting regulator, usually natural gypsum stone. 1. The main components are oxides of calcium, silicon, aluminum and iron, which combine to form the previously defined silicates, aluminates and ferritoaluminates. Louis Joseph Vicat, a French popularizer and scientist, is known as the founder of cement. During his study of the destructive impact of seawater on mortar and concrete, he invented in 1817 the wet process manufacturing system that is still in use today. In 1818 he published his work - Recherches expérimentales and in 1828 - Mortiers et ciments calcaires, thus providing the foundations for the production of cement through the appropriate combination and joint grinding of limestone and clay. Vicat has left an invaluable legacy for the cement industry by developing a strong and durable material that is used in buildings around the world [2.Over time, different types of cement have been created, such as Portland cement with stimulating additives, steel cements, pozzolanic, aluminous and special cements. These special cements, which include high initial strength, sulfate resistant, low heat of hydration, and white cement, are usually special variants of Portland cement that restrict or strengthen one of the four fundamental components of clinker. This work presents the compressive strength performance over the curing time for concrete mixes made with two different types of cement: general purpose and high sulfate resistant. A mix design established in ACI 211-1 was used as a reference, characterizing the materials according to current NET INEN ASTM standards, using national aggregate from the Sanchez mine in Santa Isabel and Master Glenium 7970, 7935 and MCI2005 admixtures, characteristic to develop more resistant designs in an environment with a high percentage of sulfates. Slump tests were carried out on fresh concrete, while compressive strength tests were carried out on hardened concrete. For the strength tests, 48 cylindrical specimens of 100mm x 200mm with failure ages of 7, 14 and 28 days were used. In addition, 12 of these cylinders were immersed in salt water for 23 days in order to determine how their compressive strength capacity is affected.