Análisis de las causas de la cetoacidosis diabética tipo i, sobre un caso clínico de una paciente de 14 años.

Abstract

Diabetes mellitus 1 is a chronic immune complication, which is prevalent in young people by 5% annually; environmental, genetic and nutritional factors are responsible for generating serious complications that lead to diabetic ketoacidosis due to the absence of insulin and an increase in counter-regulatory hormones responsible for producing metabolic acidosis, hyperglycaemia and alteration of the B-Hydroxybutyric acid ketone body; its incidence rate worldwide is 80%. Therefore, the aim of this research is to analyse the causes of type 1 diabetic ketoacidosis based on a clinical case, by means of a literature review and interpretation of results, in order to suggest an effective therapeutic option. The study was based on a descriptive, deductive and investigative methodology of scientific articles from the last five years, in order to obtain answers that allow us to deduce the causes and a favourable treatment for DKA. It is thus concluded that ADC appears in 35 to 40% of pre-school populations; The causes are associated with viral and urinary infections, metabolic alterations due to the absence of insulin, excess of counter-regulatory hormones, female sex and drug interactions that inhibit insulin absorption; therefore, the most optimal treatment is to start with hydration therapy with 0.9% saline solution and continuous infusion of insulin, 9% saline and continuous insulin infusion to correct the state of dehydration and hyperglycaemia without neglecting personal care, exercise, diet, hydration, glycaemic control and compliance with pharmacological treatment to avoid further complications.