Efecto de la estratificación térmica en estanques de cultivo de camarón blanco del pacífico (<i>litopenaeus vannamei</i>)

Abstract

In aquaculture ponds it is important to know the water temperature profile since this parameter can limit shrimp farming. Aquaculture ponds frequently experience daily cycles of vertical thermal and chemical stratification and destratification. Thermal stratification causes an effect on the chemical parameters of the water in the shrimp farming pond, since, by creating layers or strata of different density and temperature, the distribution of oxygen will increase in the surface layer (greater phytoplankton population) and decrease in the bottom layer. Similarly, if there is higher oxygen production in the upper layer (CO2 uptake and removal) and higher oxygen consumption in the lower layer (CO2 release), stratification can cause pH levels to differ in different layers. of the pond due to the influence of CO2. On the other hand, the temperature gradient produced by thermal stratification has profound consequences on shrimp physiology. Rapid changes in water temperature above or below your tolerance range will not only increase oxygen demand in conjunction with metabolic changes, but also reduce feed intake and lower your immune response. With the aforementioned, it can be concluded that thermal stratification plays an important role in the dynamics of water quality, since it affects many physical, chemical and biological processes in aquaculture ponds.