Evaluación de extractos botánicos mediante técnica de hoja simple para control de sigatoka negra (mycosphaerella fijiensis morelet) en banano

Abstract

"Banana (Musa x paradisiaca) is a tropical fruit with high worldwide consumption for its quality, nutritional benefits and shelf life. Its leaves are affected by Black Sigatoka (BS, Mycosphaerella fijiensis Morelet), decreasing photosynthesis and yield. The application of organic fungicides was evaluated on the severity of Black Sigatoka in the banana crop in the rainy and dry season. The trial was carried out in Fumipalma, S.A., Guayas province, Ecuador. Plants of cv. Williams, sown at 3m x 2.5m (1,333 plants·ha-1). The applications began in plants with 12-14 leaves, in leaves 1 (L1) and 2 (L2), in the right part of the midrib (single leaf test methodology; SLT). A randomized complete block design of experiments with six treatments and four replications was used. The evolution of the disease (%, Fumipalma S.A.) and area under the disease progress curve (AUDPC) in L1 and L2 were evaluated. up to 35 and 56 days after application in the rainy and dry season, respectively. The evolution of the disease in L1 in SLT was between 16.60-50.00% and 4.30-77.80 (rain-drought). The area under the severity curve (AUDPC) presented statistical differences with values between 217.4-556.1 and 40.43-671.56 in L1 (rain and drought). The affected area was between 27.50-56.25% and 13.05 and 96.26 in L2 (rain and drought). The AUDPC presented significant statistical differences, the control was more affected. The application of organic fungicides generates control over BS, the percentage of affected area and the severity index of the disease in the control was higher. In L2 the severity of the disease was greater than in L1. The fungicides Progranic Cinnacar, Progranic Mega and Jaque Mate alone or combined with Volley showed the highest control of BS, both in the rainy and dry season."