Relación entre el nivel de estrógenos y la presencia de tumores mamarios en perras atendidas en la clínica veterinaria utmach

Abstract

Estrogens are sex hormones of steroid origin, produced by the follicles of the ovary, and to a lesser extent in the adrenal cortex. The secretion of this hormone in bitches fulfills the function of preparing the animal for mating and therefore for fertilization, it also acts by producing a stimulus to the central nervous system, triggering the behavior of heat. This hormone also promotes the proliferation, secretion and growth of endometrial cells and glands, however its high concentration can cause several problems; among them is the appearance of mammary tumors, cystic endometrial hyperplasia that can lead to pyometras, vaginal hypertrophy, among other pathologies. Estrogen levels in proestrus start with a level of 15 pg/ml reaching a maximum peak of 60-70 pg/ml in about 14-48 hours, after that it begins to drop between 5-9 days. Due to the control exerted by these hormones on the formation of tumors, they are known as hormone-dependent neoplasms. Sexual estrogens can act as mitogens, in such a way that they cause genetic alterations and initiate the development and formation of breast tumors. The number of cases of neoplasm-type diseases, among them the most prominent mammary tumors, generating a development in the field of veterinary oncology, however there are to date countless studies that relate certain characteristics at the histological level with the results clinical signs shown by the patient. This research was carried out at the Teaching Clinic of Veterinary Specialties of the Technical University of Machala, in which the level of estrogen was related, through serological analysis in 10 bitches with mammary tumors treated at the Teaching Clinic of Veterinary Specialties of the UTMACH . The serum was extracted and sent to the Valverde Clinical Laboratory located in the city of Machala for processing. After the diagnosis and surgical resolution, the patient was sent to the HDX-Vet Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory of Dr. Julio Ortiz, located in the city of Quito, to determine the nature of the neoplasm. The analytical part was carried out in the SPSS statistical program with the descriptive statistics method to determine the mean, standard deviation and average. The results of this investigation show that the estrogen levels in these 10 patients are within the range +- 15 pg/ml. With regard to the body condition of the patients, 50% have a BSC 3. In this study it was found that the highest incidence of mammary tumors was presented by geriatric bitches in 90%. Regarding the size of the tumor, 50% of the patients presented tumors of 3-5 cm, 30% had a measurement <3 cm and 20% >5 cm. Depending on the location of the tumor most of it was in the cranial abdominal #3 breast. Once the tumor samples were sent, the reports indicated that 100% of the neoplasms were malignant, 70% were Mixed Carcinomas and 30% Complex Carcinomas. Therefore, it is concluded that after the analysis of the results found in this investigation, it is declared that estrogen levels are not related to the presence of mammary tumors in female dogs, because the level of estradiol was within the basal ranges. and as the literature says, elevated serum estradiol concentrations are observed in higher prevalence in patients with benign tumors, and in this study all were malignant.