Estilos de crianza y su influencia en la inteligencia emocional de un niño de 8 años con conductas disruptivas

Abstract

The family is the fundamental pillar of society, which fulfills the role of educating and training individuals by implementing and transferring values, customs, principles, and norms, these aspects are linked to the biopsychosocial and affective development of a child. The training that parents adopt at home during the first years of life is based on parenting guidelines and practices, that attributes a parenting style to parents, these models are based on strategies aimed at achieving integral growth. For this reason, parenting styles are classified as: authoritarian, permissive and democratic; the authoritarian style is characterized by rigid demands of rules and punishments; the permissive style focuses on a low level of demand; in contrast, the democratic style is oriented to the fulfillment of norms through assertive communication. On the other hand, emotional intelligence is part of personal development being considered as the ability to recognize, accept and regulate one's own emotions and those of others, the elements that make up emotional intelligence are: self-awareness, self-regulation, motivation, empathy and social relationships, the same ones that allow maintaining a balanced mental health and good interpersonal relationships. Consequently, elements such as parenting styles and emotional intelligence are part of behavior, which is composed of psychic processes that are influenced by the social context, behavior can be affected during evolutionary development by inadequate learning, generating behaviors disruptive, which are defined as violent and impulsive reactions to certain situations. For this reason, the research analysis categories were: parenting styles, intelligence, and disruptive behaviors. The case study focused on a family living in the El Guabo canton of the El Oro province. The family is functional, structured by three members: father, mother and son; the child presented difficulties in emotional skills adopting disruptive behaviors in the family and social context. Considering what was described above, the following scientific problem was formulated: What parenting style influences the emotional intelligence of an 8-year-old child with disruptive behaviors? In order to solve this problem, the following objective was raised: to determine the parenting style that influences the emotional intelligence of an 8-year-old boy with disruptive behaviors using the case study method. The methodology used in the research was qualitative, descriptive design, which facilitated the selection of techniques and instruments according to the problem. The techniques used were observation, interview, self-report, and the BASC test. The results of the research were established through the following instruments: the observation guide determined that the family climate is not affective and that there are constant discussions between the parents about the child's behavior; the interview guide indicated that the father applies punishments for inappropriate behavior and that the child tries to make friends, but at the same time presents social difficulties due to the behavior; The Parenting Practices Inventory (CPC-1 parent version) proved that the parenting style adopted at home is the authoritarian style because the parents first excessive norms without taking into account the interests of the child, leading to psychological and physical punishment; Finally, the BASC Test found that emotional and social skills affect the behavior of the child, causing anxiety, depression and impulsivity.