La política ecuatoriana abordada desde la ilustración crítica editorial

Abstract

The objective of this degree work is to develop as a proposal a series of ten illustrations of political caricature critically oriented to the current socio-political situation through humor and satire, to later disseminate it in the different digital media most used by the current world community, contributing to the popularization of the caricature genre. We will also study the close relationship between political caricatures and literary resources, their introduction to the press as an image as a function of communication and what has been their role in society linked to the management of national and international collectivity. It is the political “slips” that have popularized the practice and diffusion of this illustrative genre in the different national newspapers, although it is true that in Ecuador the production of caricatures is not a very popular genre, it will be found that in these newspapers they have found the right place to represent art, but linked to editorial journalism. The editorial cartoon has the purpose of expressing a critical thought towards the different political entities besides being an excellent activist means to denounce the “alleged” corruption in the country, all these topics and variables will be treated in this research work. Political Satire is historically conceived on the basis of expresion popular of popular discourse as a consequence of discontent or criticism of form government such as the monarchy and social statutes such as the bourgeoisie, and was therefore classified as “slave labour”, this illustrative genre is born from the need of the peoples who suffered many abuses and deprivations by the old political regime ranging from tax exploitation to the seizure of earthly goods. The old political regime prior to the democratic one was constituted by a king or monarch who in turn had the baking of the bourgeoisie of that time as well as military forces, it is in these scenarios where the caricature clandestinely makes its debut, the first caricatures had no signatures and were placed in certain sectors of the metropolis as a way of making fun of their rules. Then officially the first exhibition of caricature was held in Bologna in the late XVI century also known as humorous portraits, during the first and second world war the caricature plays a very important role which was to be used as propaganda to encourage mass recruitment of candidates for soldiers willing to give their lives for their nations, injecting messages of courage, cooperation and opposition against the totalitarian regimes of that time who tried to impose a globally as superior beings. Nowadays, the caricature is linked to the democratic regime and has left the clandestinity and is commercialized in the different artistic and communication media, in the press it covers themes of social denunciation such as corruption, becoming one of the artistic method of protest for excellence, being only limited by the characteristic censorship from wich, in spite of the years and technological progress, it has not been able to get rid of.