Fisiopatología de la hipertermia: golpe de calor y fiebre. repercusiones sobre la estabilidad del cuerpo animal y la productividad.

Abstract

The optimal temperature in animals that are homeothermic or warm-blooded is maintained due to the set of responses that are automatic, endocrine, somatic, and behavioral. The structure where the changes that have to do with the body temperature of the animal originate and the consequent responses to this, is located in the hypothalamus and is known as the thermoregulatory center. Blood, which is the means by which heat is distributed throughout the animal organism in a uniform way. When the temperature is higher or lower than the range established for each species as it passes through the bloodstream, it targets the different mechanisms of the body, crossing nerve endings where it can lose or retain heat. Hyperthermia in the animal is produced because the body temperature is above the normal values of the species. When we refer to hyperthermias that are nonfebrile, the increase in body temperature is caused by physical factors such as the absorption of environmental heat and in this case the thermoregulation center remains unchanged. But in the case of hyperthermia of a febrile state, the hypothalamus participates directly, since the factors would be external, such as trauma or infection. It is important to bear in mind that high temperatures can lead to heat stress in animals, since most of them are sensitive to different temperature changes, whether they are sudden or not.