Evaluación de diferentes sustratos para la propagación de microorganismos de montaña

Abstract

Soil microorganisms are considered important because they allow the transformation of carbon, soil restructuring, balance of microbial life, intervene in the nutrient cycle, which are directly related to crop yields. They are efficient because they not only reduce the contamination of the microbiota, but also improve soil quality, accelerate the decomposition process and avoid the imbalance of the environmental impact that has been generated by the great consumerism of the green revolution. Therefore, this study seeks to elaborate substrates for the propagation of mountain microorganisms in the Faculty of Agricultural Sciences with the objective of evaluating their reproduction in each substrate, as well as to determine the most suitable and at the same time the identification of each fungus, whose stages were developed in the facilities of the laboratory of Plant Health of the same faculty. Resources such as corn flour, rice powder and banana flour were used as food; cocoa and guaba leaves were used as a medium for the propagation of microorganisms, which come from the crops of the province of El Oro; stubble was also collected from a banana plantation containing colonies of microorganisms, which will be the source of inoculum. Cacao and guaba leaves were processed in an electric mill to grind them to obtain pieces of one square centimeter (cm2) and fine particles. Each substrate contained one ingredient as food, one as medium, stubble with microorganisms and a molasses solution with water. The substrates were placed in black plastic bags and sealed without oxygen for a period of 45 days. Based on this, the following formulations representing the respective treatments were designed, these are: T1 (cocoa leaf + molasses + banana flour), T2 (cocoa leaf + molasses + corn flour), T3 (cocoa leaf + molasses + rice flour), T4 (guava leaf + molasses + banana flour), T5 (guava leaf + molasses + corn flour) and T6 (cocoa leaf + molasses + rice flour). Each treatment consisted of four replicates. The microorganism sample found in each substrate was isolated and purified in PDA culture media plated in Petri boxes; to finally perform the identification and microscopic characterization, which is done by observing the structure of the fungi with the microscope camera through the Software (Focus Alpha Image) with the 40x and 100x lens. For the evaluation of the level of population development in each substrate, the intensity of growth was observed and classified by levels, therefore, treatments T4, T5 and T6, which have in common the content of guava leaf meal, presented the best conditions for an aggressive progress of the mycelium of the fungi. For the evaluation of the quantity of microorganisms developed in each substrate, the number of different colors present in each one was observed. Based on this, T6, with a quantity of four different microorganisms, lends itself to their simultaneous development; followed by T4 and T5 with an average quantity of two to three different fungi. Among the fungi found is Trichoderma present in T5 and T6; on the other hand Fusarium is found in T4, T5 and T6. The best substrates for the growth and development of microorganisms are T4, T5 and T6; the latter two being the most optimal; this is due to the easy decomposition of guava leaves. The combination of guava leaves + rice bran expressed the highest average of microorganisms found. The microorganisms identified and characterized are: Geotrichum candidum: Geotrichum (side); Penicillium sanguifluum, Beauveria bassian, Conidiobolus lamprauges, Fusarium spp, Trichothecium roseum, Conidiobolus lamprauges.