Viabilidad de semillas de seis variedades de frejol (phaseolus vulgaris l.) mediante pruebas de tetrazolio

Abstract

Within the world production of Beans (Phaseolus Vulgaris L.), it is distributed by continents, among which the most productive are Asia (44.8%) and America (32,%), followed by Africa (19.9% ), finally Europe (2.6%) and Oceania (0.2%). The most productive countries are India, Brazil, Myanmar, China, the United States, Uganda, Kenya and Indonesia. In Ecuador, beans are the legumes with the largest cultivation and consumption surface. The grain area is around 35,000 hectares and the Sierra Norte is the largest with 8,000 hectares, it is the region with the highest production in the country. There are 50 types of beans, the "Canary" being the one that stands out the most for its flavor and texture. The study objective for this research was to evaluate the percentage of viability and germination in six varieties of beans by means of tetrazolium and germination tests. The present investigation was carried out in the Experimental Granja "Santa Inés" belonging to the Academic Unit of Agricultural Sciences of the Technical University of Machala (UTMACH), located in El Cambio Parish, Machala Canton, with the aim of evaluating the viability in six bean varieties by tetrazolium and germination tests. In the present design, the evaluation of two study factors (Variety and AG3) was carried out, of which the main variables to be measured for this study is viability through the tetrazolium test and the germination percentage through the test of AG3. In this experimental model, a normality test (Shapiro Wilk) was performed, a bias box for both variables, followed by a regression in order to obtain their correlation. And to determine the significance, an ANOVA was used for the comparison of means, finally a multivariate linear model was applied to graph the other study variables using bars. Through the experimental design carried out, the viability of the six varieties of the study was found, which was found in a range from 20% to 100% with means close to 100% changing in variety 1, where there was no good viability. Through the germination test with a solution of Ag3 at different doses, he verified the assumptions, it is important to indicate that when applying Ag3 in the crop, variety 1 that did not present good results with Tetrazolium induced germination, giving a better percentage than the previous test. The variables where the ANOVA was applied indicates that among the combined groups the variables that, presenting significant differences between the groups, less than the p-value 0.05 hypocotyl length, leaf length are the most significant with respect to the other variables evaluated. In this test, different doses of Ag3 were evaluated, in which it was observed that the one with the best germination and development was the 10 ml dose. Recommending that the use of gibberellic acid (AG3) increases the percentage of germination of seeds that are in dormancy as a result of this experiment in variety 1, in turn it is recommended to keep the seeds in suitable environments to preserve viability.