Efecto del fertirriego y fertilización edafica en la producción de banano,cantón pasaje-provincia el oro

Abstract

Crop nutrition is a fundamental pillar in agricultural production. Sometimes fertilization is carried out without considering the chemical conditions of the soil and the plant's requirements, which leads to a decrease in yield and increases production costs. Edaphic fertilization, one of the most widely used practices in production, combines two important factors during the growth and development phase of crops: efficient nutrition and the management of water sheets in the various stages of crop development. Currently, in order to optimize banana nutrition and increase the efficient use of irrigarían, a fertigation system was designed to optimize the use of fertilizers and water, especially in areas where water resources are beginning to be limited. This technique can be applied in a wide range of situations, both for the physiological characteristics of the crops themselves, as well as the physical and chemical characteristics of the soil and water. The present research work was carried out in a banana farm with the following objective: to evaluate the effect of 3 types of fertilization: Fertigation, edaphic fertilization and edaphic-fertigation fertilization through their biometric variables and their impact on banana production, the experimental design used was randomized complete blocks. The blocks were constituted by compact areas in the farm and within each block were the different treatments of the experimental units. Three treatments of fertilizer application systems were implemented: T1= Fertigation, T2= Edaphic, T3= Fertigation + Edaphic and T4=Testing in an area of 0.9 ha. The variables evaluated were: Leaf emission (V1-EF), Son height at harvest (V2-AH), Stem diameter (V3-FUST), Cluster weight (V4-PRM), Rachis weight (V5-PRQ),Number of hands per cluster (V6-NM), Number of sun hand fingers (V7-NDMS), Number of fingers of last hand (V8-NDUM), Statistical analysis was performed using IBM SPSS Statistics 21 software, an exploratory analysis of the data was performed, An exploratory analysis of the data was carried out using box and whisker plots, followed by an intergroup Factorial ANOVA, showing that the data for each variable measured had significant differences, and that the types of fertilization influenced the means of the variables measured. A post-hoc tukey test was carried out to determine the best treatment and to establish whether the differences between them are significant or not, according to the results obtained. The research determined that the treatment T1-fertigation and a combined fertilization T3-fertigation+edaphic, the leaf emission obtained a similar distribution of their means of 0.8 leaves per week, establishing differences with the other treatments. The height of the son had a significant difference between the treatments of fertigation and a combined fertilization of fertigation + edaphic, that is, they did not have a similar distribution of their means, which were 2.191 meters and 1.968 meters respectively, determining that fertigation caused a greater effect on the variable. In the stem mean for each treatment, there are significant differences between the implementation of fertigation and fertigation + edaphic, that is to say they did not have a similar distribution of their means, since a stem diameter of 36.047 and 32.798 centimeters was obtained. The bunch weight variable presented significant differences between the implementation of fertigation and the combined fertilization of fertigation-fertilization-edaphic fertilization; that is, they did not have a similar distribution of their means, obtaining banana bunch weight means of 73.421 and 68.752 pounds, respectively. Finally, it can be pointed out that fertigation was the treatment that gave the best results in all the biometric variables considered and therefore the highest production.