Disfuncionalidad familiar y su incidencia en un niño con trastorno negativista desafiante

Abstract

In the International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Health-Related Problems (ICD-10) of the World Health Organization (1995), Oppositional Defiant Disorder is typified as a less severe category of Conduct Disorder. ODD is defined by following a continuous pattern of uncooperative behavior, hostile, rigid, irritating, and aggressive attitudes toward caregivers, parents, peers, and teachers. ODD affects 2 to 16 children out of an average of 100 infants. It starts from the age of 3, although it generally occurs from the age of eight until before the adolescent period, and affects the male population more than the female population. The object of study of this research work is oppositional defiant disorder, and this leads to the following problem: What are the family risk factors that affect a child with oppositional defiant disorder? To answer this question, the objective has been to determine the incidence of family dysfunction and the parenting style of a child with oppositional defiant disorder. As a theory of epistemological support, the structural systemic approach proposed by Salvador Minuchin was proposed, which allowed gathering sufficient information for the theoretical foundation of this work. The methodology used responds to the mixed quali-quantitative modality that allowed a rigorous, systematized structure and empirical knowledge to be carried out. The research design due to its epistemic ascription is non-experimental, because the investigated subject is observed in its natural context, in its reality. It is descriptive cross-sectional, because the research studies the information of the variables over a specific period of time in the defined population. In addition, field research was used, or also known as in situ research, because it was carried out in the specific context where the phenomenon occurs, in this case the target population was attended directly, in order to analyze the interactions of the investigated object with the context in which it takes place. The type of research is part of the empirical method, through which details of the interactions and characteristics of the object of study are obtained. In the results of the Edah Scale, high percentages were obtained in the conduct disorder subscale, with 30 points being a high risk; In the hyperactivity subscale, 12 points were obtained placing the child in a situation of high risk, the attention deficit subscale 11 points placing him in moderate risk. It was concluded that the level of family dysfunction in a child with oppositional defiant disorder is high, due to immature behavior by the primary support figures, affective indifference, neglect of both physical and mental health, lack of communication, violence Intra-family relationship between their parents and towards the minor, lack of family communication, living in denial, avoiding problems, absent and uncommunicative parental figures, lack of family hierarchy, role confusion, assigning to others the care that they should provide. The parenting style of a child with predominant oppositional defiant disorder is negligent, it is characterized because their parents are not capable of establishing limits, they do not have the predisposition to listen to their children, they are not very receptive to their demands, they show low control and do not play their role as parents in the demonstration of secure attachment. Parents put their children's activities in the background, they do not present rules of coexistence at home and they lack expressions of affection.