Nivel socio afectivo y su vinculación en los procesos adaptativos de niños con discapacidad intelectual moderada

Abstract

The term intellectual disability began to be present in the 5th edition of the American Association for Mental Deficiency (AAMD) revealing a group of impairments and limitations of intellectual functioning as well as adaptive behavior in the conceptual, social and practical domains; in such a way that today it is the notion of a low standard of care in the socio-affective processes of children and adolescents with ID. From a theoretical point of view, intellectual disability is approached from different postulates, in essence the analysis of this research could be polarized around the attachment theory understood from a conceptualization as an affective bond that the human being generates with others in order to convey and express your emotions. Based on the above, In the present work, the following content of the analysis category has been determined: intellectual disability and adaptive processes: adaptive behavior, affectivity and individuality. These categories allowed the obtaining of relevant data on the linkage of the socio-affective level in the adaptive processes, from the case study of children with moderate intellectual disabilities in the City of Machala from a specialized educational context. The study was based on a qualitative paradigm with an analytical-descriptive method composed of a non-experimental design where it is observed These categories allowed the obtaining of relevant data on the linkage of the socio-affective level in the adaptive processes, from the case study of children with moderate intellectual disabilities in the City of Machala from a specialized educational context. The study was based on a qualitative paradigm with an analytical-descriptive method composed of a non-experimental design where it is observed These categories allowed the obtaining of relevant data on the linkage of the socio-affective level in the adaptive processes, from the case study of children with moderate intellectual disabilities in the City of Machala from a specialized educational context. The study was based on a qualitative paradigm with an analytical-descriptive method composed of a non-experimental design where it is observed the link and the level of influence that exists in the variables, observation, interviews with teachers, parents and a psychometric test were used as information collection techniques, as well as the KidsLife scale of Schalock and Executioner, based on the multidimensional evaluation of the quality of life, with the eight-dimensional model: social inclusion, self-determination, emotional well-being, physical well-being, material well-being, rights, personal development, interpersonal relationships; Likewise, the Family Questionnaire FF SI was applied, revealing the contribution on the degree of functionality of the family from 7 dimensions. The results indicate that there are high levels of difficulty in relating and forming socio-affective bonds in daily practice, derived from a contrast between the excess and lack of affectivity of 2 family models: semi-functional and non-functional. Thus, social interaction is decisive to avoid behavioral disorders and the production of positive relationships, socialization agents such as family, society, school and means of interaction support the development of learning and self-concept of children with ID; who internalize their emotions under the influence they generate and, in most cases, they are seen as complaints or somatic symptoms. Indeed, it is important to supervise and individualized attention through the application of psychopedagogical programs and specialized support to respond to personal satisfaction, reduce rejection ties where affectivity predominates without conditions. Consequently, it is concluded that the socio-affective level of children with ID generated by the context influences the degree of participation in the practice of values, abilities and skills in a responsible way, which requires stability in the demands of the environment and flexible planning before the changes