Consumo de sustancias psicoactivas y su incidencia en el rendimiento académico en adolescentes provenientes de hogares monoparentales

Abstract

"This summary was made based on statistics that present a great social connotation due to the increase in cases of students who consume psychoactive substances, mostly from single-parent homes, within educational institutions in the province of El Oro, a problem that is generating serious alterations in mental health and its impact on the academic performance of adolescents, for this reason we have decided to carry out this important research topic. Due to the lack of interest in preventive activities with young people in educational institutions, the use of psychoactive substances is a social problem throughout the world. There are several factors that affect drug use, but we believe that family dysfunction is the main factor, because adolescents have become a vulnerable group due to the great changes they experience, so they try to find a way out of drugs. family and personal conflicts through this behavior and emotion. In our country, in the province of El Oro, there is a high percentage of victims of family breakdown among adolescents, which is an incentive for them to start using psychoactive substances to solve problems at home. The study selected for this research was carried out in the educational institution ""República del Perú"" located in the city of Machala, El Oro province, which, through observation and interview applied to students and teachers, allowed us to obtain data that allowed us to verify the hypothesis that consumption of psychoactive substances affects academic performance in adolescents from single-parent homes. The objective of this study is to determine the incidence of psychoactive substance use in the academic performance of adolescents from single-parent homes; guided by approach integrated by constructivist theories that allow studying the relationship and influence of an individual's environment on their actions and behavior. Methodologically, the research design has been developed under a qualitative approach, which highlights the understanding of, ideas, values and qualities of the object of study, thus giving the opportunity to identify, classify and analyze the consumption of psychoactive substances, together with a design non-experimental that links the elements of the research problem, such as the academic performance in adolescents from single-parent homes, and based on this, the methods, techniques and instruments that will be applied to provide a possible solution to the research problem are proposed. The techniques used to collect information are interviews conducted in a less structured way, using open questions that allow data to be collected from adolescents, administrative personnel of the educational institution and relatives based on the subjectivity of the interviewees. Observation as a flexible strategy that allows describing and analyzing the behavior of adolescents The results obtained in our research confirm that the students who present problems of consumption of psychoactive substances come from single-parent homes marked by the deterioration of affective ties, which is why recommendations are made in order to prevent students from presenting risky behaviors and strengthen family and emotional ties."