El cine como factor influyente en el pensamiento crítico de los jóvenes de la ciudad de Machala

Abstract

Education in the social area that must be constantly renewed, introducing new models or didactic strategies that promote the development of students from the first cycle, stimulating factors such as critical and moral thinking, their attitudes and skills. Critical thinking is the ability to understand, analyze, interpret information in a way that leads to reflection on it, aimed at generating new perceptions or opinions on issues that arise in their social, academic or work context. In the educational system, the struggle for the application of techniques encouraged by the branch of educommunication must prevail, which raises the use of communication media as pedagogical tools that achieve positive responses in students that are broken down into social, cognitive and social aspects. academics from them. When the term audiovisual is mentioned, one immediately thinks of a communication product made up of audio and images. The Royal Spanish Academy exposes it is especially said of didactic methods that make use of acoustic recordings accompanied by optical images, whose definition gives the teaching function to this communication format. On the other hand, different authors have delved more deeply into the characteristics of audiovisual products, highlighting that they are capable of attracting and retaining the attention of the public, being made up of different audiences. In this scenario, the evolution of technology also unfolds, in such a way that everything is affected. In the audiovisual field, it has caused new forms of digital access, revolutionizing the consumption of this industry by generating new channels that promote the participation of viewers. An example of this digital innovation are the companies that have emerged thanks to technology, such as Netflix, HBO or Disney Plus, which give their users the power to choose which movie to watch and when to enjoy it. In this sense, the present study focuses on the correlation between cinema and the development of critical thinking, with cinema being the independent variable of the research topic and critical thinking the dependent one. The objective is to determine the influence of films with historical context on the critical thinking of second year high school students of the Colegio de Bachillerato Machala, located in the city of Machala / El Oro / Ecuador, therefore, the methodological scheme is conformed by qualitative and quantitative techniques such as the survey, focus group and interviews; which helped to collect data and information according to the research problem presented and in order to respond to the stated objectives. From the results of this research, it was obtained that what makes a universal film is emotion, it is not the place where they happen, nor the language in which it is spoken, it is the deepening of universal emotions. The second year high school students from the Colegio de Bachillerato Machala, located in the city of Machala / El Oro / Ecuador, were influenced by the film with a historical context called “ADÚ”, which acted as a tool with the ability to develop thought critical. This was evidenced by presenting new opinions about illegal immigration that were not initially topics of discussion. In addition, they discovered facts and information about the countries participating in the film. All this projection of images made the viewer, the students, interpret, analyze and reflect on the silver problem in this audiovisual work.