Evaluación de la adaptabilidad de café robusta variedad conilón "coffea cannephora pierre ex froenher" en la granja experimental santa inés"

Abstract

Coffee (Coffea spp.) is one of the most important products in the world and is grown in more than eighty countries, providing significant income, and helping millions of peasant families themselves that have been affected by climate changes that have been occurring, including the attack of pathogenic organisms, so resistant varieties are sought. In Ecuador, coffee farming is a very important activity since it has economic, environmental and social relevance, being cultivated in 23 of the 24 provinces, this thanks to the agroecological skills that the country presents, however has been severely affected by the attack of various pests and diseases being displaced by other crops over the years and drastically reducing the area used for coffee production so that in 2019 it reached sixty thousand hectares sown from that crop, this of the three hundred and forty-six thousand nine hundred and seventy-one hectares that corresponded to standing coffee plantations in 1983 where at this time one hundred and five thousand families depended on the production of this crop. The variety Conilón (Coffea canephora Pierre ex Froenher) was entered to the homelands in 1962 by INIAP (National Institute of Agricultural Research), being Pichilingue the first station that established a collection of Robusta coffee, considerable results have been seen since then, as it has presented important characteristics of adaptability to different soils and climates, provides higher yields and is tolerant to various pests and diseases, Ecuador is a country with agro-ecological skills, as is the province of El Oro, which has a favourable climate for the proper development of coffee, that is why this research was carried out with the objective of evaluating the adaptability of robust coffee plants to grow Conilón in the experimental farm Santa Inés, determining the most influential factor in the adaptability of plants and evaluating growth, number of secondary branches and foliar area emitted according to the applications of four treatments, for the study was used an area of 527m2, arranged in 5 blocks, where the 179 plants of Conilón were planted and 5 treatments were assigned, each treatment in a block (T1: 100g of Bio compost + 30g NPK; T2: 150g of Bio compost + 30g NPK: T3: 200g of Bio compost + 30g NPK; T4: 250g of Bio compost + 30g NPK; T5: Control) each with 10 experimental units and submitted to 2 evaluations 1. With shade; 2. Without shade, on the basis of this it was possible to determine that plants without shade have a better response inducing to be the most influential factor during the process of adaptability, as for the growth and number of secondary branches of the Conilon robusta coffee plants, T2 showed superior responses in both shade and shadowless plants, the foliar area showed greater results in T1 in shady plants, and in the same way in those plants without shade.