Estudio de la resistencia mecánica a la penetración del suelo como resultado del fertirriego y fertilización edáfica en banano

Abstract

Soil is subject to changes in its physical-chemical-biological properties as a result of intervening forces related to agricultural activities carried out on the land. The intervening forces are related to the agricultural activities that take place on the property over time, the variation of optimal values of the physical properties is an indicator of compaction problems and of the existence of an indicator of compaction problems, and of more specific drawbacks in the different horizons such as the mechanical impedance of deepening and development of root hairs. In order to understand the alteration caused by fertilization activity, this research was carried out at the " Finca Marquez". located in the parish of La Peaña in the canton Pasaje. The study was developed with the identification of modules in which different types of fertilization and control was applied; at the beginning, middle and end of each module, a staircase-shaped test was carried out with a depth of 50 cm, establishing the study levels 0-10, 10-20, 20-30, 30, 30-40, 40-50 cm in 12 points of interest for the physical properties Da, Dr, Pt and RMP. RMP samples were taken every 15 days at 31 random representatives of the property, selected points. The analysis of Da, Dr and Pt properties was carried out in the laboratories of the Faculty of Agricultural Sciences. RMP was measured using a Field Scout Sc900 digital penetrometer. The statistical analysis was carried out with IBM SPSS Statistics and Rstudio software, by fulfilling the assumptions of data normality and variance homogeneity and the correlation between the variables was determined, as well as the exploratory analysis by means of box-and-whisker, multiple line graphs that allow visualization of the trend of the variable, also identifiying that treatment 3 does not alter the physical properties under study, obtaining the highest percentage of porosity, the lowest apparent density and the lowest mechanical resistance to penetration measured at all levels of study. The geostatistical analysis was executed in the Surfer 20 software, experimental semivariograms which expressed the statistical parameters Sill, Nugget, Rank and Spatial Dependency were elaborated for the determination of the fit to the Spherical and Gaussian theoretical models by means of the Nash coefficient and Nash coefficient parameters. R2 close or equal to one, and the lowest values of the root mean square error (RMSE). The maps of the spatial variability of the mechanical resistance to penetration were made using ArcMap 10.0 software through Kriging ordinary interpolations using the parameters obtained from the semivariogram. The results show a high spatial variability of the MPR in all the study strata, accentuating a greater variation in the 0-10 and 40-50cm depth strata; in the corresponding strata 10-20, 20-30, 30-40 a mechanical resistance to penetration of a range of values is observed approx. 500 kPa, becoming the strata with the lowest coefficient of variation, furthermore, at all depths there is no spatial dependence and establishing perfectly differentiated zones with a tendency of high values of mechanical penetration resistance and zones with optimal ranges of values for the correct root development.