Evaluación de la descompactación del suelo, mediante tres fuentes de calcio, su incidencia en la producción del cultivo de banano

Abstract

Soil is an essential resource for the socio-economic development of the planet, being a physical and chemical support for all terrestrial ecosystems. The inadequate use of fertilizer applications and irrigation systems have caused physical degradation of the soil. The main physical factor causing the physical degradation of the soil is found in compaction, which is the cause of breaking and altering the soil structure. The problem posed allowed the application of 3 sources of calcium with the purpose of improving the physical properties, allowing to generate a structured effect in the soils, and thus an adequate infiltration of water, increased porosity and increased water holding capacity of the soil, in addition to assisting in the displacement and washing of salts, therefore the following objective was proposed; To evaluate the incidence of three sources of calcium as a physical improver of compaction and production, in banana soils of the Orlando Valarezo Farm. Using a randomized block experimental design with factorial arrangement (depth, treatments), four treatments were evaluated: calcium carbonate (T1), calcium hydroxide (T2), calcium sulfate (T3) and control (T1). For the measurement of RPS the digital Field Scout 900 was used and the induced compaction the Proctor equipment, for its part the physical parameters were used the protocols given by the USDA 2014, The soil samples were taken at the Orlando Valarezo Farm with strata from 15 cm to a depth of 45 cm. T1 and T3 significantly improved the physical properties subjected to an analysis of variance (ANOVA) with 95% reliability by Tukey, the Da in the soils where these treatments were applied presented low levels compared to the values of the control treatment. The lowest value was found in T1 with a value of 1.15 g.cm-3 followed by T2 with 1.16 g.cm-3 and the control with a value of 1.29 g.cm-3. The percentage of pores present in the application of T1 was 53.25%, the highest value recorded was in T3 with 53.64%, while T4 had 50.72% with a coefficient of variation of 4.68%. In the variable of mechanical resistance to penetration, T1 influenced to reduce the resistance to penetration, compared to the other treatments is the one with the lowest response, presenting values of 216.33 kPa, followed by T3 and its value 265.40 kPa, compared to the treatments with average values of 317.78 kPa T2 and Witness 589.59 kPa, the productive variables evaluated, the length and calibration of the central finger of the last hand recorded a higher average with the use of calcium carbonate and calcium sulfate. The application of T1 and T2 in doses of 400g/plant of calcium presented positive effects on the variables of number of hands, bunch weight and rachis weight, which allows obtaining a higher value in the variable ratio (boxes/banana). The edaphic use of calcium hydroxide had no significant influence on the productive variables evaluated in the banana crop.