Estrés ocupacional en el personal de enfermería del Hospital Teófilo Dávila 2020

Abstract

The present research work aims to characterize occupational stress in the nursing staff of Teófilo Dávila 2020 Hospital. The support theory is based on the cognitive-behavioral approach, which provides an explanation of human behavior within thoughts and behavior, citing diverse authors suitable for studying the subject such as: Beck, Ellis, Meichenbaum, Skinner, Pávlov, Selye, Lazarus, Folkman among others, who contributed their studies based on cognitive behavioral therapy, starting from the point of view of application in people with high levels of stress. For effect, four categories of analysis were established, work pressure, work condition, interpersonal relationships and intrapersonal relationship. Two nursing graduates with 5 years in the practice of the profession both participated in the study, of which 2-3 years work in the aforementioned hospital, due to the declaration of a pandemic and spikes in contagion they work in direct contact with patients with Covid-19. The research was developed from a mixed approach qualitative-quantitative, through a non-experimental, cross-sectional and descriptive study that will serve as support for the interpretation of the results obtained, which allows us to know the reality of the nursing staff as is and as it is presented within the same space and time. In order to approach the subject, informed consent is given in writing where it is explained that all the information obtained is completely confidential for study purposes, consequently the interview is carried out, through this technique the subject expresses his ideas and feelings of significant events in their life, data collection and measurement instruments were used, including, Font-Roja Questionnaire that determines job satisfaction in hospital center professionals and the Stress Scale of Hospital Nursing staff The Nursing Stress Scale Spanish version, which assesses the level of stress in patients in the workplace, both instruments maintain a high index of validity and reliability and are used in the health area in nurses at an international level, an interpretation was made to understand and give meaning to occupational stress in the subjects studied. In the case of the Font-Roja questionnaire, it evaluates 9 components that intervene in the measurement of job satisfaction, of which job pressure and interpersonal relationships have been taken as categories of analysis for the diagnosis of the case study. On the other hand, the Hospital Nursing Staff Stress Scale, The Nursing Stress Scale, Spanish version, evaluates 7 components from which the results of the workload component and problems with staff were taken as part of the categories of analysis. In the same way, through the psychological interview, the intrapersonal relationship analysis category was obtained where the personal protective resources of presence that the subject maintains, such as their ability to cope, resilience, locus of control, self-efficacy are evidenced. The results obtained through the instruments indicate that there is a direct relationship between causal factors such as work pressure, work conditions and the subject's personal resources, to influence how to trigger occupational stress, However, thanks to the application of the interview, it was possible to show in both subjects their capacity for optimism in the face of discomfort due to the pandemic that is currently being experienced.