Diagnóstico ambiental de afectaciones por no reciclado de neumáticos cantón Machala, propuesta de medidas ambientales para conservar los recursos naturales

Abstract

Human activities, such as the automobile sector, whose waste such as end-of-life tires NFU, can cause effects on the environment. Some processes such as the incineration of tires can release substances into the air, changing their natural state, many of which also contribute to global warming. In the same way, these same gases released into the atmosphere constitute a problem for public health and their decomposition in a natural way is slow, which is why they mainly contribute to being a means of propagation of vectors that cause diseases. The alternatives for the management of used tires as a way to reduce the environmental problems caused by their mishandling are varied, from low costs such as complying with regulations through the awareness of generators, or more complex if their use is used to generate other new products. They can be of reduction, reuse and recycling, in some cases it is a question of combining to give a better treatment to the waste. One of them is based on a mechanical treatment of the tire, in which when separating its integral parts a rubber granulate or powder is obtained, which has undoubtedly been one of the most used due to its low cost and good results. A NFU crushing plant is a mechanized system that, through the use of machinery, is able to separate the materials that make up a tire. According to data provided by the Machala mobility company, it indicates that in 2020 Machala generates about 19,000 NFU per year, and due to the constant increase in the number of vehicles it is very likely that this figure will increase year by year. This type of plant has been built in other cities of the country, such as Guayaquil and Quito, with a large number of NFU disappearing. In the process, other elements that can be reused are recovered, such as steel and textile material, and once the crushing process is finished, a powder is obtained, which can be used to generate new products. The investigative work presents a qualitative approach, descriptive and applied, since the existing problem was described and an attempt is made to find a solution. The techniques used were bibliographic research from both primary and secondary sources, from public and private institutions, theses and scientific articles, along with observation in designated areas. The instruments used were, GPS, Camera, Google Earth and the Qgis program. The research carried out focuses on diagnosing the affectations caused by the lack of NFU management and its repercussions on the environment and human health, as well as the necessary measures to solve the problem of the increase in NFU in Machala. Therefore, one of the necessary measures to reduce environmental problems and the conservation of natural resources focuses on the use and valorization of used tires.