Incidencia de la fertilización nitrogenada sobre el crecimiento y producción del pimiento (capsicum annun l.)

Abstract

This trial was conducted in areas of the Santa Inés Experimental Farm, belonging to the Technical University of Machala, El Oro province, in the period from August to December 2019. Vegetables are known for their wide diversity, being one of the most important crops in the market, with about 80,000 has per year. Bell pepper has several considerable characteristics that play an important role in human nutrition, mainly because of its high content of minerals and vitamins that are essential for life. This crop is more popular because it is used in diets. Likewise, they contribute to prevent certain diseases, whose incidence has been increasing all over the world. Therefore, it is necessary to carry out a correct nutrition in the cultivation of peppers, distributing all the essential nutrients in a proportional and balanced way in adequate quantities, having as a reference the absorption curve of nutrients to apply an adequate fertilizer for the plant and to reach results that allow to transcend positively the bell pepper products with the purpose of optimizing the potential yield of our region. So that the crop achieves the right characteristics both in quality and quantity. Bell pepper is known for its high demand of nutrients, standing out the N, which is the main macronutrient responsible for the development of biomass and therefore is present from the early stages of development of the crop. The lack of an adequate fertilization management leads to low yields per hectare of this crop and at the same time a low quality in its production. The objective of this experiment was to evaluate the application of mineral nitrogen fertilizer and its agroproductive characteristics in bell pepper cultivation.The experimental design was of completely randomized blocks, with three repetitions, with four increasing doses of mineral N (0-225-450-675 kg N ha-1). The variables that were recorded and analyzed in the study are the following characteristics: dry matter (g), stem height (cm), stem diameter (mm), CCM-200 (nm), fruit length (cm), fruit width (mm), fruit weight (g) and yield ( kg ha-1). The application was 30% of total N during the first stage of development, 50% during the second stage and 20% during the final stage. This is done through three applications every 10 days which represents a duration of 30 days per phenological stage. Data were collected at the end of each stage at 37, 67 and 97 days after transplantation (DDT). For the data of dry matter accumulation, it was obtained the highest weight at 97 days with a dose of 675 kg N ha-1 of 54.1 g; while for the chlorophyll variable, it was obtained the highest value registered in the same stage with an average of 106.3, CCM-200 units. For the performance data, the highest weight was registered at 97 days with the treatment four with a total of 2 572, 5 kg ha-1.