Efecto de la enmienda biocarbon de cacao y biol en suelo franco arenoso sobre el desarrollo vegetativo de musa sp.

Abstract

The banana is one of the most consumed and exported products in the world, being in Ecuador one of the crops with greater economic representation distributed in three main provinces: Guayas, Los Rios and El Oro, located as the main exporter at world level. The soils dedicated to the cultivation of bananas or other crops in general have been exploited in an excessive way by various bad practices, leading them to lose their fertility and lower their productivity. It is advisable and necessary to implement alternatives that allow the rapid recovery of the soil and the crop, such as organic amendments. Biochar is an option that has been created and used for many years in the agricultural field, giving favorable results in the structure of the soil, regulating pH, electrical conductivity, organic matter, mitigating the effect of greenhouse gases, increasing water retention and nutrients and lower permeability in sandy soils. The species of Trichoderma spp are known as antagonistic fungi, have a high parasitic potential with a very particular metabolic activity that allows them to efficiently parasitize the fungal structures of the fungi, increase the percentage of organic matter and regulate the pH of the soil. While bioferments or biols are produced by the aerobic decomposition of organic materials. The technique implemented in this process will be to combine the bioferments, the fungi of the species Trichoderma, plus organic fertilizer NPK and the Biocarbon elaborated from the shell of the cocoa pod, abundant in lignin, cellulose and rich in Potassium. The effect of the biocoal will depend on the type of pyrolysis used during the incineration process to obtain the final result. The work of investigation has as purpose, to compare morphological measures of Musa sp. in different treatments of biochar of cocoa and dose of 100 ml of biol in combination with Trichoderma sp. in frank-sandy soils, was the objective of the investigation. The experimental investigation completely at random was carried out in the property "Los Cambios" of the Arenillas canton, choosing 4 blocks of 10 repetitions each one, determining three units of study and control. The application doses were: 10g (t1) + 100 ml of biol with trichoderma + 100 gr NPK; 20 g (t2) + 100 ml of biol with trichoderma + 100 gr NPK and 30 g (t3) + 100 ml of biol with trichoderma + 100 gr NPK and a control treatment (T0) 100 ml of biol + 100 gr NPK. The highest diameter value of the pseudostem was 63.7 cm (t1). The best average height corresponds to t2 (341.4 cm) and the maximum range to t3 (registration 370.2 cm), the application of biochar had no significant impact on leaf emission, T0 that arrived with an average of (11.4) and T1 (10.9) leaves, having a difference of 0.5 leaves at farrowing. The recommended dose in sandy soils of biochar is 30gr, demonstrating that its application caused positive effects in some morphological parameters of the plant, improved the absorption of water and nutrients in this weak and very permeable structure.