Beneficios de las harinas de origen animal y vegetal en la formulación de dietas para la alimentación de <i>litopenaeus vannamei</i>

Abstract

Feed in shrimp farming represents between 50 and 80% of production costs. That is why it is important to select good quality and affordable materials for the elaboration of balanced feed. These materials must meet the nutritional requirements of the shrimp and also give the feed a good attractiveness and palatability so that it is consumed in its entirety. In the present work, the benefits of animal and vegetable flour in the diet of <i>Litopenaeus vannamei</i> were evaluated. Depending on the type of flour used and in which concentrations it is applied, good or bad performance will be obtained in survival, growth in height and weight and feed conversion factor. Fishmeal is the one that gives the best benefits to the shrimp feed, due to its high nutritional value, good attractiveness and palatability; however, it is very expensive. While vegetable flour is deficient in nutrients, it has anti-nutritional components and is not very attractive; however, it is more economical and if it is exposed to processes such as fermentation and extrusion it can benefit shrimp. It is not possible to substitute 100% fishmeal, which is one of the main ingredients for shrimp feed formulation, by vegetable origin flour. But it is possible to substitute from 7 to 85% of fishmeal by vegetable flour and obtain positive yields in production and lower costs