Efecto de la inclusión de ácidos grasos en la alimentación de pollos de engorde sobre los parámetros bioquímicos sanguíneos

Abstract

The present research work was carried out in the warehouse No. 1 of the Santa Inés Farm belonging to the Faculty of Agricultural Sciences of the Technical University of Machala, located in the city of Machala, in the province of El Oro. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of inclusion of fatty acids in the feed of broilers on blood biochemical parameters, for this, 200 mixed Cobb 500 chickens were used, which were managed up to 42 days. The established norms for open ship systems were applied, using a basic vaccination calendar established for the area and the birds were received trying to comply with comfort both in temperature, feeding and hydration. A Randomized Design was used for the experiment and from the first day they were distributed in 5 treatments with 4 experimental units of 10 broiler chickens (40 individuals per treatment), the chickens were provided with a balanced ecological type with the only difference in what has to do with the inclusion of the type of fat, at the first treatment or control (T0), the first oil that was palm oil was included in its balanced food, the second treatment (T1) was included soybean oil , the third treatment (T2) was included sunflower oil, the fourth treatment (T3) was included corn oil and in the last treatment (T5) the inclusion of yellow fat was made. For the blood biochemistry methodology, two randomly selected chickens (male and female) were sacrificed for each experimental unit, the slaughter method used was by cervical dislocation that was done prior to a 12-hour fast, performing a cut in the left jugular vein, blood was collected in the middle of the red cap tube without anticoagulant, and then analyzed in a laboratory in the Province of El Oro. The variables that were studied are: ante-mortem weight (g) , cholesterol (mg / dl), triglycerides (mg / dl), high density lipoproteins "HDL" (mg / dl), low density lipoproteins "LDL" (mg / dl), total proteins (g / dl) and lipoproteins Very low density "VLDL" (mg / dl). The results obtained were subjected to a one-way analysis (ANOVA) using the STATGRAPHICS CENTURION statistical program, prior to assumptions of Normality and Homogeneity. The results show that in the ante-mortem weight there is no significant statistical difference, although when analyzing the other variables it was determined that, if there was an effect by including different oils in the balancing of the chickens due to the fatty acid composition it contains each of them, thereby showing a possible pattern of food management to obtain more safe and healthy animal protein, because the chickens that received balanced corn oil showed high levels of cholesterol, HDL, LDL and total proteins, while that those who received the inclusion of palm oil increased triglyceride levels and VLDL; Another important finding was made that was the safety of the use of yellow fat as an energy source in animal feeding by presenting ranges similar to the general average and especially the effect on cost of production when formulating a more economical balance.