Uso de aceite esencial árbol de té (malaleuca alternifolia) control de pudrición de corona en fruta de banano (musa aaa)

Abstract

The production and export of bananas stands out in Latin America, reaching 13'869,400 tons, in which, Ecuador contributes 43.55% banana exports, the main disease that attacks this crop is Black Sigatoka caused by the fungus Mycosphaerella fijiensis. It should be noted that there are many more diseases that affect the fruit of banana in postharvest, causing the crown rot in the fruit, caused by the pathogens Penicillium, Fusarium and Colletotrichum, before the development of this disease, many of the producers come to the control conventional that introduces the application of chemical products such as mertect (Tabendazol) and fungaflor (Imazalil) in the post-harvest process, it is not to forget that there are other ecological means favorable for human health and for the environment, in the control of the disease , as is the tea tree oil (Melaleuca alternifolia) in which it inhibits the development of the pathogen. The present research was carried out at the Technical University of Machala in the Faculty of Agricultural Sciences in the phytopathology laboratory, which aimed to evaluate the biofungicidal effect of tea tree essential oil on crown rot in banana fruit. level in vivo and the evaluation of its maturity degree scale, through a design of eight treatments with four repetitions, then the concentrations of the different treatments were prepared in different 50ml samples, then these concentrations were poured into an atomizer, applying it in the different experimental units, evaluating their effectiveness every seven days, the treatments consisted of different doses of oil, T1 with a dose of 0.025 ml / 50ml, T2 with a dose of 0.05 ml / 50ml, T3 with a dose of 0.25 ml / 50ml, T4 with a dose of 0.5ml / 50ml, T5 with a dose of 0.75ml / 50ml and T6 with a dose of 1ml / 50ml, all this The treatments were compared with treatments 7, which was the chemical control mertect plus fungaflor and the absolute control to which only water was applied. When observing Tukey test results, we affirmed that the best treatment with tea tree essential oil was T3, obtaining a control of 92.75, followed by treatment T2 with a control of 105.00, said treatments had a lower area under the curve of the progress of the disease (ABCPE), managing to inhibit the development of the pathogen. It was evidenced that the T3 treatment surpassed all other treatments, including the chemical treatment that is used in the postharvest process. Regarding the scale of maturity presented by the different treatments, where it can be shown that T3 had a lower degree of maturity with an average of 4.5 and the treatment that reached the total maturity was T1 and T6, followed by the Absolute Witness. This makes T3 the best one in the trial, because it obtained the smallest area under the curve of the progress of the disease and the lowest degree in the maturity scale.