Robótica educativa como estrategia didáctica para el proceso de enseñanza aprendizaje de fundamentos de programación de bachillerato técnico

Abstract

The present study is framed in the field of Educational Robotics and its pedagogical benefits in learning processes of Fundamentals of Programming of students of Technical Baccalaureate in Computer Science of the Province of El Oro (Ecuador). The research was carried out at the Mario Minuche School located in the city of Machala belonging to the province of El Oro, La Providencia parish, with the participation of two experts in educational technology, two Programming teachers and eight third-year high school students. The present proposal is an alternative to favor the development of competences of the young people of the aforementioned educational center, in addition to arousing interest in learning and improving the necessary learning achievements in the professional profile. In this research work, a didactic guide on educational robotics is proposed to strengthen programming skills: use of variables, sequential, conditional and repetitive sentences. As a general objective for this project, it was proposed to determine the influence of the use of Educational Robotics in the teaching-learning process of programming fundamentals in the Technical Baccalaureate of the “Mario Minuche” School. And as specific objectives: a) Identify the theoretical references and Background that exist on educational robotics and the learning of programming fundamentals, b) identify the current situation of the teaching-learning process of programming fundamentals, c) develop a didactic guide on robotics education that is aimed at favoring the development of programming fundamentals skills, and d) analyze the effects of the application of educational robotics as a didactic strategy in the development of programming fundamentals skills. During the investigative journey, the educational technology proposal was developed, which consisted of a didactic guide on educational robotics, for which a design-based research methodology was used in combination with the ADDIE instructional design model. Two educational experiences were carried out. The first experience was carried out with the help of experts in educational technology and two teachers from the "Mario Minuche" High School. Sessions were organized through the Zoom videoconferencing platform. In the second experience, we worked with students to assess the didactic guide, again using the videoconference as a communication channel. In both experiences, favorable results were obtained, and some improvements were implemented as a result of the first experience: some buttons to return to the main application were added, the presentation of information was improved, the appearance and style of the main menu were changed with buttons, the writing was improved, evaluation activities were placed and training activities were increased. In line with the objectives set at the beginning of this research project, the following is concluded: The background, on educational robotics, found in scientific journals allowed establishing a basis for the proposal of the didactic guide. In the educational institutions of Technical Baccalaureate of Machala (El Oro, Ecuador) there are shortcomings in the development of competencies on Fundamentals of Programming. The didactic guide developed during this educational research fosters interest in learning the fundamentals of programming logic.