Evaluación de la aplicación de microorganismos benéficos sobre el "estres abiótico" en el cultivo de banano.

Abstract

The cultivation of banana (Musa x paradisiaca L.) is one of the main agricultural products worldwide, playing a crucial role in the economy of many tropical and subtropical countries. However, its production faces various challenges, including abiotic stress, which can be caused by factors such as drought, salinity, extreme temperatures, and nutrient deficiencies. These factors negatively affect the growth, development, and productivity of bananas, leading to significant economic losses for producers. In this context, the application of beneficial microorganisms such as Trichoderma spirale has emerged as a promising strategy to mitigate the effects of abiotic stress in agricultural crops. These microorganisms can enhance nutrient uptake, strengthen the root system, and activate defense mechanisms in plants, contributing to greater tolerance to adverse conditions. Moreover, their use can represent a sustainable alternative to conventional agricultural management methods, reducing dependence on synthetic fertilizers and agrochemicals. This study aims to evaluate the effect of Trichoderma spirale application in mitigating abiotic stress in banana cultivation to improve fruit yield and quality. To achieve this, three treatments with different application doses (100 g/ha, 200 g/ha, and 300 g/ha), along with a control group without application, will be implemented. Agronomic variables such as sucker height, pseudostem diameter, and leaf emission will be assessed to analyze the efficiency of these microorganisms in enhancing banana’s vegetative and productive development. The importance of this research lies in its contribution to the development of more sustainable agricultural practices by providing scientific evidence on the potential of beneficial microorganisms in reducing the impact of abiotic stress on banana cultivation. In this way, it is expected to generate relevant information for producers, researchers, and agricultural sector technicians, promoting the use of biological technologies that enhance crop resilience and the sustainability of production systems.