Diagnóstico fitosanitario de theobroma cacao l. en diferentes tratamientos de biochar + humus-biol en la parroquia pagua (el oro-ecuador).

Abstract

The cultivation of cocoa is of great importance since it is the livelihood of many families in Ecuador, and due to its geographical location it has the ideal conditions for a good development of the plant and therefore a good production, the largest planted area is in the coastal region. The enormous use of chemicals causes it to generate pollution not only in the crop but also in the environment, as an alternative the use of organic amendments is implemented that help to recover the life of the soil such as the use of humus, biol, compost, biochar among others so that the plant can better absorb the nutrients, and a tolerance is achieved to certain pests and diseases present in the plantation.In recent years, the use of biochar in agricultural soils has taken off, it should be noted that to obtain results it will depend on what type of material is going to be used for its preparation, the time of the production process (pyrolysis). Having said this, the objective of the research work was to analyze the effect of the different amendments to the soil of Biochar + Humus + Biol in the phytosanitary control of Theobroma Cacao L., Clone CCN51 by means of phytosanitary agronomic parameters. sector “Sabanas de pagua” Cantón el Guabo province of El Oro where a plot of the farm was chosen, with a block design, where 5 study units were established and the treatments were assigned each with fifteen repetitions. The treatments to be carried out consist of applying different doses of biochar (banana cocoa peel) + Humus + Biol (100 g and 150 g), with a control that only humus + Biol was placed on it. The variables under study were healthy pods. diseased ears, total ears, ear weight, ear diameter, ear length, number of kernels per ear, weight of one hundred wet seeds and one hundred dry seeds. In the agronomic quantifications it was possible to establish that the T1 showed a difference in the diameter of the ear with an average of 30.71 cm. In the length of the ear, it was obtained that T0 has the highest value in the length of the ear with an average of 20.67 cm. The weight of the cob was evidenced that the T0 treatment was the one that gave us the highest value with an average of 707g.Treatment T0 was the one with the highest wet weight with an average of 463g, treatment T1 was the one with the highest dry weight giving an average of 186g. It was diagnosed that in the treatment T0 it was of higher presence of healthy ears with a mean of 13.54. It was evidenced that treatments T4 and T0 showed a greater number of ears with a total of 50 units. It was determined that the T4 treatment was the one that presented the lowest incidence of diseased ears, obtaining an average of 1.9619. It was determined that the T0 obtained the highest total of ears per treatment represented by 17 units. It can be recommended that the dose T4 of cocoa biochar 75g + humus75g + biol helped to reduce the proliferation of the disease.