Evaluación de nutrición edáfica en cultivo de nabo (brassica rapa subsp) en la granja experimental santa inés

Abstract

Turnip (Brassica rapa Subsp) is a vegetable that does well in any type of climate, but is particularly adapted to cold climates. It belongs to the Brassicaceae family of which there are 380 genera and 3000 species. In Ecuador the Sierra region has 86% of participation in growing vegetables, then the Coast region and finally the East. The main provinces that are within the highlands that are producers of vegetables: Tungurahua, Chimborazo, Azuay, Pichincha and Cotopaxi in which the canton Saquisili has the largest production for 40 years, where they grow turnip and sell to different markets in some cities of Ecuador. In the province of El Oro, Machala, Guabo, Pasaje and Chilla have exotic flora and fauna and grow vegetables such as lettuce, turnip, broccoli and tropical fruits for consumption of the basic baskets of the orenses. These provinces have climates and soils that favor the cultivation of vegetables, which is very required for the diet. With the objective of using fertilization in combination of Urea, Ammonium Nitrate, Biocompost and Biochar in turnip crop to evaluate the foliar development of the crop and to know the effect of biochar in relation to root growth. The present research was carried out at the Technical University of Machala Granja Santa Inés, using a completely randomized design (CRD) with seven treatments and one control, each with 15 replications: T1: Ammonium Nitrate (2g); T2: Urea (2g); T3: Biochar (1g) + Ammonium Nitrate (1g); T4: Biochar (1g) + Urea (1g); T5: Biochar (1g) + Ammonium Nitrate (1g) + Biocompost (1g); T6: Charcoal + Urea + Biocompost (1g); T7: Biochar (2g) and the Control. The variables evaluated were: total leaves (HT), leaf length (LH), leaf width (AH), root weight (PR), root length (LR), root width (AR), fresh matter weight (PMF), dry matter weight (PMS). Data were analyzed with SPSS statistical software using one-factor ANOVA and Duncan's test (∝= 0.05). According to the results if there is significant difference in the variables LH, PR, LR, AR, PMF, PMS and there is no significant difference in the variables HT, AH, the results obtained indicate that the best treatment to obtain a good yield in turnip crop was the T4 treatment (biochar + urea) with an average of 786.55 g of fresh matter production due to the combination between nitrogen fertilization biochar. In T2 (Urea) with 50.16 cm is the highest value in the leaf length variable, and for the root width variable (21.85 mm), in this treatment strong and vigorous roots were evidenced. Urea as a source of foliar nitrogen is considered very appropriate because it has advantages for its rapid absorption, translocation and assimilation by the plant. As a recommendation, use urea with biochar to obtain a good turnip crop, with well-developed leaves to increase the yield of this crop.